Inhalant-Related Psychiatric Disorders
Inhalant-related psychiatric disorders are a heterogenous group of illnesses caused by the abuse of solvents, glues, paint, fuels, or other volatile substances. [1]
Although huffing, as it is commonly referred to, has existed since ancient times, it has regained popularity in recent years. The resurgence of this newfound phenomenon is believed to be due to a number of variables (eg, low cost, availability, peer influence, rapid mood-elevating quality), which have made this potentially fatal activity popular among many young people today. A relationship may exist between inhalant use and an increased risk of frequent drinking, binge-type drinking, smoking, and the use of other drugs, making inhalant-related disorders a new public health problem deserving of more attention.
Diagnosis of inhalant-related psychiatric disorders is based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) [6] or International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision
Although studies have shown that inhalant abuse has been difficult to diagnose, treatment efforts for inhalant- related psychiatric disorders may be promising. Treatment consists of psychotherapy (eg, 12-step programs similar to Alcoholics Anonymous, cognitive behavior therapy, rational-emotive therapy) and pharmacotherapy. Early intervention may play a key role because engagement in this activity may lead to the use of other drugs.
Criteria for substance-induced psychotic disorder, adapted from the DSM-IV-TR
Prominent hallucinations or delusion Evidence from history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of either of the following: Symptoms of prominent hallucinations or delusion developing during or within 1 month of substance intoxication or withdrawal Medication use etiologically related to the disturbance
Disturbance not better accounted for by a psychotic disorder that is not substance induced Disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium