Coronavirus spreads when an infected person speaks, sneezes, or coughs within 6 feet of others. You may have the virus and spread it even if you feel well.
To prevent infection, you must cover your nose and mouth when outside your home. So wearing a mask is now required statewide. Wearing a mask or cloth face covering can slow the spread of COVID-19 by limiting the release of virus into the air. It also reinforces physical distancing, and shows you care about the health of others.
Don?t wear your mask under your nose or just on your chin. A mask is only effective if it covers both ways you breathe.
Read the official mask guidance from the California Department of Public Health. (Lee las reglas de la m?scara en espa?ol.)
Here is some advice about when you should wear a mask, and what mask to choose.
Who needs a mask?
Anyone going outside their home
Workers in customer-facing industries
Workers in offices, factories, or any group setting
Doctors, nurses, and other health care professionals
Other workers, as dictated by industry guidance
Who shouldn?t wear a mask?
Children under 2 years old
Anyone with respiratory issues where it would impede their breathing
Anyone unable to remove the mask without help
Anyone with a medical condition, mental health condition, or disability that does not allow them to wear a mask
See a complete list of who should not wear a mask.
When should you wear a mask?
You should wear a mask or face covering whenever you?ll be around someone you don?t live with, including:
In any indoor public space
When waiting in line
When getting health care
On public transportation or when ride-sharing
At work, when near others or moving through common areas
Outdoors, if you can?t stay 6 feet away from others
When can you take off your mask?
There are times when it?s okay to take your mask off when you?re away from home, such as:
When eating or drinking
If a hearing-impaired person needs to read your lips
If wearing a face covering imposes a risk to you at work ? for example, if it could get caught in machinery
When you?re not sharing a common area, room or enclosed space with others
When you are getting a service to the nose or face
When outdoors in public and can stay six feet from others
You should replace the mask as soon as you can after these activities to reduce the risk of infection.
Kinds of masks
There are many kinds of masks, but these are the 3 most common.
Cloth mask or face covering
Cloth mask or face covering. Photo by Vera Davidova on Unsplash.
This is cloth used to cover the nose and mouth, tied behind the head, or secured over the ears with elastic loops. It is made of cotton, silk, linen, or neoprene, and can be machine-made or hand-sewn. A homemade version can be improvised from a scarf or t-shirt. It should be made of tightly woven fabric.
Most people should wear a cloth mask. This is so there can be enough surgical masks and N95 respirator masks for medical personnel.
Wearing a cloth face covering doesn?t take the place of physical distancing. It is effective when combined with keeping a 6-foot distance from others.
Use and care: Wear a clean mask every time you go out. Wash in the laundry or by hand between uses. See more mask care instructions from the California Department of Public Health.
Where to find: Many online sellers now offer masks in a variety of materials. You can also make your own. Read how in this cloth mask guidance from the CDC.
Surgical mask
Surgical mask. Photo by Polina Tankilevitch from Pexels.
This is a manufactured disposable mask, often used in surgery. Medical personnel wear them for protection against fluid splashes.
Some non-medical workers also wear surgical masks for disposability and fluid protection. They include those who work in:
Manufacturing
Food processing
Community/social services
Social work
In-home day care
Law enforcement/public safety
Schools
Don?t buy surgical masks for personal use. They are part of PPE needed by medical professionals.
Use and care: Start with a new mask every day. Replace and dispose of it according to your workplace guidelines.
Where to find: If you are in one of the above industries, your employer should provide surgical masks at work. If you?re a frontline employer and need to order them for your workers, see how to get PPE.
N95 respirator mask
N95 respirator masks. Photo by CDC from Pexels. Images from the Center for Disease Control's Public Health Image Library.
This is a mask with a respirator that blocks 95% of particles that are otherwise inhaled. Medical personnel need them the most, but they?re used by some workers in other industries.
Don?t buy N95 respirator masks for personal use. They are part of PPE needed by medical professionals.
Use and care: Start with a new mask every day. Replace and dispose of it according to your workplace guidelines.
Where to find: If an N95 respirator mask is required for your job, your employer should provide them at work. If you?re a frontline employer who needs them for your workers, see how to get PPE.
See this chart of the various types of masks (PDF) for more details.